What is a Citrobacter infection?

What is a Citrobacter infection?

Citrobacter normally cause urinary tract infections, blood stream infections, intra abdominal sepsis, brain abscesses, and pneumonia and other neonatal infection 6, such as meningitis, neonatal sepsis, joint infection or general bacteremia 7.

What causes Citrobacter?

Citrobacter are found in a variety of environmental sources, including soil and water, and in the human intestines. They are rarely the primary source of illness, though some strains can cause infections of the urinary tract, sepsis, and infant meningitis.

Where is Citrobacter found?

The genus Citrobacter was discovered in 1932 by Werkman and Gillen. These organisms are found in soil, water, intestinal tract of animals, and in human clinical samples.

Why is Citrobacter important?

Citrobacter diversus is a rare but important agent of neonatal meningitis and infections in compromised hosts. Citrobacter amalonaticus, widely distributed in the environment, is found in a variety of human clinical specimens as an opportunistic pathogen.

What antibiotics treat Citrobacter?

Various types of antibiotics, including aminoglycosides carbapenems, cephalosporins, chloramphenicol and quinolones, are used for the treatment of C. koseri infections.

What is Citrobacter in urine?

[1,2] The genus Citrobacter is distinct group of aerobic, gram negative bacilli from the Enterobacteriaceae family, widely distributed in water, soil, food and intestinal tract of man and animals. UTIs caused by Citrobacter species have been described in 5 to 12% of bacterial urine isolates in adults.

How do you get rid of Citrobacter?

Citrobacter freundii infection is usually treated with antibiotics like fluoroquinolones, carbapenems and cephalosporins. The treatment plan depends up on the vulnerability of the microbe to the antibiotics and the site of the infection.

Can Citrobacter Koseri be cured?

For patients with C. koseri brain abscesses, surgical drainage or aspiration of the abscesses should be strongly considered, but it is not always feasible because the abscesses are often multiple or inaccessible. Brain abscesses caused by C. koseri have been reported to be cured by medical therapy alone (7, 36, 43).

Does doxycycline treat Citrobacter?

Due to the empirical study we concluded that Citrobacter bacteria expressed the strong resistance to kanamycin, streptomycin and chloramphenicol. While to doxycycline, gentamicin, neomycin, moxi- floxacin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, the majority of isolated citrobacter showed quite good sensitivity.

How can you prevent Citrobacter?

Since several nosocomial outbreaks of Citrobacter infections have been reported and the sources of the organisms have been found to be the gastrointestinal tracts or hands of hospital staff members, infection control measures to prevent person-to-person transmission, such as hand washing, are the most important ...

What does Citrobacter mean?

• Citrobacter. A genus of motile bacteria (family Enterobacteriaceae ) containing gram-negative rods that use citrate as a source of carbon; the motile cells are peritrichous. Fermentation of lactose by these organisms is delayed or absent; they produce trimethylene glycol from glycerol . The type species is Citrobacter freundii.

What causes Citrobacter UTI?

• They are caused when bacteria that is normally found in the intestinal tract or on the skin is spread into the urinary system. E. coli is the most common cause of urinary tract infections, but there are several other types of bacteria that can lead to urinary tract infections. One of those types is called Citrobacter freundii.

Is Citrobacter produce H2S?

• Other nonpathogenic enteric organisms, such as Proteus spp. and Citrobacter freundii, also produce H2S , but these organisms are usually inhibited by the bile salts in the HE agar.

What is a Citrobacter infection?

• Citrobacter koseri (formerly Citrobacter diversus) is a motile gram-negative bacillus usually arising from urinary and gastrointestinal tracts. C. koseri rarely causes infection in immunocompetent patients and, thus far, has been considered an opportunistic pathogen.